My Expert is Dr. Isabela Fairclough

Dr. Isabela Fairclough

School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Subject Areas: English and Linguistics
Isabela’s main research interests are in critical discourse analysis and argumentation theory (pragma-dialectics and informal logic), especially the modelling and critical evaluation of public deliberative practice and the study of argumentation in institutional contexts. Her recent publications (including Political Discourse Analysis, Routledge 2012) have investigated political discourse in the UK in the context of the post-2008 economic crisis.
Isabela is research active within the area of language, linguistics culture and society and is a member of the Research Unit for Speech and Language.


Isabela has a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the University of Lancaster (2004) with a thesis on the contribution of public intellectuals to the legitimation of liberalism in the transition from communism in Eastern Europe. Between 1992-1993 she held a Horia Georgescu postgraduate research scholarship in linguistics and philosophy of language at the University of Oxford (Somerville College) and from 2008 to 2011 she was Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Lancaster.

Membership of professional and learned bodies

• Member of ISSA (International Society for the Study of Argumentation)
• Member of ILIAS (International Learned Institute for Argumentation Studies), Amsterdam
• Member of PSA (Political Studies Association), UK
• Member of BAAL (British Association for Applied Linguistics)
• Member of IPra (International Pragmatics Association)

Research Activities

In Political Discourse Analysis (Routledge 2012) and other recent publications, Isabela has focused on the analysis of practical reasoning and deliberation in political texts (policy documents, parliamentary debates, online discussion forums). She has developed the analytical framework of critical discourse analysis by drawing on argumentation theory and on John Searle’s (2010) theory of the construction of social/institutional reality

Projects

Isabela is currently involved in the research project ‘Practical argumentation in the European energy and climate debates’ (2015-2017). Principal Investigator: Dr Marcin Lewinski, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, New University of Lisbon.



These are populer  book :

    Definition Discourse

            The word discourse come from latin language “ discursus ‘ this word rrefers to the word of the conversation or speech. We can also intepret discourse is an extension of the language (especially oral ) wider than a sentence, or a coherent unit such argument or narration.

            According to the dictionary of contemporary language, the word discourse has three meaning. First a conversation; speech. Second both whole conversation as a unity. Third the biggest language unit realization is a form of composition intact.

            Discourse is the most complete language unit setences and gramatical unit are the highest in the hierarchy of gramatical. As a unit of discourse has the most complete language concepts, ideas, thoughts, or ideas that can be understood by the reader and  listener.

B.     Definition Analysis

            Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

            Conceptual Analysis’ by Robert Hanna the theory of conceptual analysis holds that concepts  general meanings of linguistic predicates are the fundamental objects of philosophical inquiry, and that insights into conceptual contents are expressed in necessary ‘conceptual truths’ (analytic propositions).

            Analysis by Merriam-Webster's a careful study of something to learn about its parts, what they do, and how they are related to each other. an explanation of the nature and meaning of something.

            Analysis is science is cutting things into pieces (Walden Mathews).

            A systematice xaminationand evaluation of data or information, by breaking it into its component parts to uncover their interrelationships. An examination of data and facts to uncover and understand cause-effect relationships, thus providing basis for problem solving and decision making.

Have you ever dissected a frog? If you did that just to cut it up, you would be guilty of cruelty. One dissects a frog to learn how and why things inside the frog work as they do. Why have two arteries here, not one? Generally, all analysis gets beyond mere description and into examination and explanation.

The same principles apply to essays. Consider these examples, from a hypothetical final exam in the Core class:

Example 1: This quotation comes from Freud's Civilization and its Discontents. Here, Freud implies that man will only be happy when living according to the pleasure principle. The pleasure principle leads people to do or desire things that bring them pleasure. Freud presents a good point here, and he uses many examples throughout the text to support it.

Example 2: This quotation contains a central concept of Freud's psychology: humans are driven by the pleasure principle and are most happy when fulfilling its demands. As Freud notes elsewhere in the text, the ego and superego play the roles of watchdogs, keeping the demands of the pleasure principle in check through the moderating influences of experience (Freud's reality principle) and morality. For Freud, this battle within the personality gets reflected in a society. The society passes laws that limit our freedom, and therefore our happiness, but encourage order and morality. Freud notes that the exchange of happiness for security is, in the end, worthwhile and necessary to maintaining a civilization.

Analysis does not equal description (but can use description). The second example is clearly stronger, since it "gets beneath the surface," going beyond describing ideas to examining the relationship between ideas. The writer is clearly "present" in the second example, showing the reader how Freud makes the leap from individual to society. In the first case, the writer only tells us what Freud says, not how or why Freud drew his conclusions.

Using Analysis

There are many sorts of analysis. The ones given "stay within the text." Another possible analysis might involve applying Freud's ideas to another text or a current issue. Any analysis will consider the data in enough depth, and with enough clarity, to convince the reader, even one who disagrees with the writer's conclusions, that the analysis has been made well.

C.     Definition Discourse Analysis

            Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of language as they flow together.

            Discourse is the study of the rules or patterns characterizing units of connected speech or writing longer than a sentence.the study of the rules governing appropriate language use in communicative situations.

            Discourse analysis is a new science emerged in recent decades. Previous streams linguistic only restricts his analysis on the social sentence, but lately linguistic then turned his attention on this analysis. So discourse analysis is the study of the structure of a message in a communication or have regarding various function ( pragmatic ) language.

            According Zellig Harris a man modern linguistic, discourse analysis is an instance of linguistic applied. Discourse analysis related to the form of text or evalution of discourse to determine the shape or pattern of communication and related matters that can not be explained in grammar.

            Discourse analysis as a discipline that examines the relatioship between from and function in verbal communation ( Renkema 2004:1 )

            Brown and Yule (1983:1)  in his book describes discourse analysis means an analysis of the language used.

            Van Dijk (1988:24) in his news as discourse which explain that discourse analysis is an analysis of the language and the use of language with the goal of obtaining a more explicit description and systematic about what is delivered.

            Cook ( 1992:1) add that in discourse analysis is not enough just to analyze the element of language, but also take into account the contex of contructive discourse.

Kesimpulan

            Discourse is the most complete language unit setences and gramatical unit are the highest in the hierarchy of gramatical. As a unit of discourse has the most complete language concepts, ideas, thoughts, or ideas that can be understood by the reader and  listener. Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.

            Discourse analysis is a new science emerged in recent decades. Previous streams linguistic only restricts his analysis on the social sentence, but lately linguistic then turned his attention on this analysis. So discourse analysis is the study of the structure of a message in a communication or have regarding various function ( pragmatic ) language.

Reference

file:///D:/ANALISIS%20WACANA%20_%20Ikrimah%20Maifandi.htm

file:///D:/Analysis%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm

file:///D:/Analysis%20_%20Definition%20of%20Analysis%20by%20Merriam-Webster.htm

file:///D:/Discourse%20%28Apa%20itu%20discourse%29%20-%20English%20Learning%20-%20Center.htm

file:///D:/Analysis%20%29%20Definitions%20and%20Descriptions%20of%20Analysis%20%28Stanford%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Philosophy%29.htm

file:///D:/What%20is%20analysis%20%20definition%20and%20meaning.htm

nurmaini

need analisys english to economic

NEED ANALYSIS

Submitted as one assignments of english spesific purpose course

Analysis for economic faculty of Lancang Kuning University

Lecturer : Indah Muzdalifah, M.Pd

“English For Economic”

By : Nurmaini ( 1488203074 )

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FAKULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING

PEKANBARU

2016

INTRODUCTION

Economic English

Dialogue Economic English programmer are designed to provide you with the key skills, tools and terminology to operate in an international economic environment. Whether you need assistance with writing economic reports in English or need to expand your knowledge of economic language, Dialogue and its team of specialist Economic English trainers are uniquely placed to assist you.

Economic English Focus :
The focus of the Economic English Course is on the use and development of English language skills in an economic context, which will include lectures, presentations, discussions, problem solving, and writing on technical topics.
Bring please any documents, manuals, books, or material used by your company or industry so that we may custom-tailor English vocabulary to your specific needs.

Economic English Topics available include :
Macroeconomics. Economic  methodology. The economizing problem. Supply and demand.National income accounting.Income determination.Inflation.Money.
By the end of the course you will be able to :
- listen to presentations within the domain of economics and business administration.
- give a presentation on a topic related to business economics in English.
-  read and interpret special  business economic texts. 
- write an executive summary or short report in English

CONTENT

Technical term In Economic English there are :

No	Kata Kerja (Bhs Inggris)	Kata Kerja (Bhs Indonesia)
1	ADJUSTED BALANCE	Saldo setelah penyesuaian
2	ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE	Neraca saldo penyesuaian
3	ACTUAL LIABILITY	Hutang nyata
4	ACTUAL PRICE	Harga sesungguhnya
5	ACTUAL QUANTITY	Kwalitas sesungguhnya
6	ACTUAL COST	Biaya sesungguhnya
7	ACTUAL FACTORY OVERHEAD	overhead sesungguhnya
8	ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE	Neracasaldopenyesuaian
9	ADJUSTING ENTRIES	Ayat jurnalpenyesuaian
10	Allowance for inventory decline to market	Cadanganpenurunannilaipersediaan
11	ASSET APPROACH	Pendekatanaktifa
12	AMORTIZATION	Penyusutanatashartatakberwujud
13	ACCOUNT	Perkiraan
14	ACCOUNTING INSTRUCTION	Intruksiakuntansi
15	ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE	Akuntansidasar
16	ACCOUNTING PERIOD	Periodeakuntansi
17	ACCOUNTING INCOME	Labaakuntansi
18	ACCOUNTANT FEE EXPENSE	Biayaakuntan
19	ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE	Prosedurakuntansi
20	BALANCE SHEET	Neraca
21	AUDITOR	Pemerikasakeuangan
22	AUDIT PLANNING	Rencanapereiksaan
23	AUDIT FEE	Pendapatan audit
24	ACCRUED TAX PAYABLE	Hutangpajak
25	ACCRUED INTERS PAYABLE	Bungaterhutang
26	ACCRUED WAGES PAYABLE	Upahterhutang
27	AVERAGE METHOD	Metode rata-rata
28	BALANCE PER BANK	Saldomenurut bank
29	BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENT	Laporankeuanganpokok
30	BANK STATEMENT	RekeningKoran
31	BALANCE AMOUNT	keseimbanganjumlah
32	BETTERMENT	Perbaikan
33	BUDGET	Anggaran
34	BREAK EVEN PIONT	Titikpulangpokok
35	BUDGET CYCLE	SiklusAnggaran
36	CASH PAYMENT JOURNAL	Bukukaspengeluaran
37	CASH RECEIPT JOURNAL	Bukukaspenerimaan
38	COST	Biaya
39	CURRENCY	Mata uang
40	CURRENCY ASSET	Hartalancer

Analysis from the example above :

from example of above me feel as according to Ianguage of inggris specificly it is true studied in economics because there is word of accrued  inters payble with the meaning " bunga terhutang" but in Ianguage of inggris " bunga terhutang" Ianguage of inggris its of in debt flower.

The lecturer given the  lesson to students about Grammar  there are  :

1.      Word formation

Example :

 Invest + ment = Investment

 Manage + ment = management

Judge + ment=  judgement

Verb + ment = noun

Economy + ic = economic

Communist + ic = communistic

System + ic = systematic

Noun + ic = adjective

Produce + ion = production

Satisfy + ion = satisfaction

Organize + ion = organization

Verb + ion = noun

Person + al = personal

Nation + al = national

Nature + al = natural

Noun + al = adjective

Possible + ty = possibility

Certain + ty = certainty

Prior + ty = priority

Adjective + ty = noun

Mix + ure = mixture

Fail + ure = failure

Verb + ure = noun

EXERCISE

Fill the blank with the provided words !

Investment                 Economic                   Production

Organization              National                      Priority

Mixture                      Personal                     scientific

logical

1.      In business, ____ calculation is needed to get profit.

2.      To get good economic growth, we need ___ from some well-established companies.

3.      Tourism is one of ___ programs to get income from investore.

4.      Communistic system does not recognize___belonging of any individual.

5.      Besides marketing,stable ___of the good is also important tp guarantee the supply.

6.      Latest__investions play important role to increase production.

7.      Different country may apply different ___system.

8.      An ___ requires professional person to runs its programs well.

9.      Sometimes, a country may adopt a___ of different economic and political systems.

10.  To get the works done well, we have to do the works based on ___.

Analysis fron the lecturer explanation :

from example  of grammer above can be seen that Ianguage grammer of inggris as according to economics peculiarly, because in solution many concerning about economics.

2.      Parallel structure

            One use of a conjunction is to connect words or phrases that have the same grammatical function in a sentence. This use of conjunction is called parallel structure. The conjunction used in this pattern are and, but, or, nor.

a.       Steve and his friends are coming for dinner

in (a) : noun + and  + noun

b.      Susan raised her hand, and snapped her finger

In (b) : verb + and + verb

c.       He is waving his arms, and (is) shouting at us.

In ( c) : verb + and +verb

(the second auxiliary may be omitted if id is the same as the first auxiliary)

d.      These shoes are old but  comfortable.

In (d) : adjective + but  + adjective

e.       He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to music

In (e) : infinitive + or + infinitive

(the second to may be omitted)

f.       Steve, Joe  and  Alice are coming to dinner

g.      Susan raised her hand , snapped her finger and asked a question

h.      The colors in that fabric are red, gold, black and green

A parallel structure may contain more than two parts. In a series, commas are used to separate each unit. The final comma that precedes the conjunction is optimal but is customarily used.(no comma is used when there are only two parts to a parallel structure)

Example

1.      He does some business in France, Canada and England

2.      In order to understand economics, we have to read, discuss and do economic activities.

3.      Selling, buying and negotiating are basic economic activities

4.      He presented, promoted and conducted his program so well.

 Country , Language and Nationality

Country                       Language                    Nationality

Indonesia                    Indonesian                  Indonesian

America                       English                        American

Malaysia                      Malay                          Malaysian

Canada                        French                         Canadian

Italy                             Italian                          Italian

India                            Indian                          Indian

Egypt                          Arabic                         Egyptian

Germany                     German                       German

Sweden                       Swedish                      Swedish

Finland                        Finnish                        Finnish

Poland                         Polish                          Polish

Spain                           Spanish                        Spanish

Adjectives ending in – an ( the most common type)

Algeria            Algerian

America           American

Russia              Russian

Adjectives ending – an ( the most common type)

Korea              Korean

Brazil               Brazilian

Belgium           Belgian

Canada            Canadian

Adjectives ending in- ese

Japan               Japanese

China               Chinese

Portugal           Portuguese

Adjectives ending in –ish

Britain             British

Finland            Finnish

Poland             Polish

Turkey             Turkish

Adjectives ending in- i

Pakistan           Pakistani

Saudi Arabia   Saudi

Exercise

Mention what nationaly are the people bellow! Unscremble the letters as in 1 and 2.

1.      Mr and Mrs. Cobb are from WEN EAZANDL ( NEW ZEALAND)

The lecturer given to students in the class exercise after the lecturer finished explanation about topic word formation and parallel structure

1.      He is british. He comes from….

2.      She is Italian. She lives in…

3.      He comes from Sweden. He is…

4.      They are Dutch. They come from …

5.      He was born in China. He is …

6.      We come from Greece. We are …

7.      He is German. He comes  from ..

8.      He is Danish. He comes from …

9.      Mr. and Mrs. Carter come from the USA. They are…

10.  She is Swiss. She comes  from ..

11.  He is polish. He was born in …

12.  My girlfriend is …. She was born in Farance.

13.  He comes from  India. He is …

14.  They come from Norway. They are …

15.  He was born in Russia. He is …

16.  She Spanish. She comes from ….

3.      Tenses

1.      Simple present tense                                       all tenses in economic same the  tenses in

2.      Simple past tense                                            in English general.

3.      Present Continous tense

4.      Past continous tense

5.      Future tense

6.      Present perfect

7.      Past perfect

DEGREE OF COMPARISON

1.      AS … AS

a.       Tina is 21 years old, Sam is also 21

Tina is as old as Sam.

b.      Mike came as quickly as he could

As … as is used to say that the two parts of a comparison are equal or the same in some way. In (a) :as + adjective + as

In (b) :as + adverb + as

2.      COMPARATIVE

·         Anne is older than Bobby

·         Anne and Bobby are older than  Charles and Doddy

·         Ed is  more bgenerous than his brother

The  comparative compares this/these/those.Form : - er or more

NOTICE : A comparative is followed by than

3.      SUPERLATIVE

·         A, B, C, and D are sisters. A is the the oldest all four sisters.

·         A women in Turkey claims to be the oldest person in the world.

·         Ed is the most generous person in his family.

·         The superlative compares one parts of a whole group to all the rest of the group form :estor most.

·         NOTICE : A superlative begins with the

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

FORM OF ADJECTIVE

One-syllable adjective

Old      older    the oldest

Wise    wiser    the wisest

For one-syllable adjectives, -erand – estare added.

Two-syllable adjective

Famous            more famous   the most famous

Polite               more polite      the most famous

Busy                busies              the busiest

Pretty              prettier             the prettiest

Adjective with three or more syllable

            Important        more important            the most important

            Fascinating      more Fascinating         the most Fascinating

            More and most are used with long adjectives.

Irregular adjective

-          Good   better   the best

-          Bad     worse   the worst

Good and bad have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Analysis fron the lecturer explanation :

from all example of earn me analyse all special teaching items of Ianguage of inggris as according to economics. its of Ianguage him of inggris in economics in teaching Ianguage of inggris peculiarly for economics.

CONCLUSION

from module earn me analyse all items exist in in Ianguage module of inggris studied peculiarly in economics. from example of above me feel as according to Ianguage of inggris specificly it is true studied in economics because there is word of accrued  inters payble with the meaning " bunga terhutang" but in Ianguage of inggris " bunga terhutang" Ianguage of inggris its of in debt flower.

from example  of grammer above can be seen that Ianguage grammer of inggris as according to economics peculiarly, because in solution many concerning about economics.

from all example of earn me analyse all special teaching items of Ianguage of inggris as according to economics. its of Ianguage him of inggris in economics in teaching Ianguage of inggris peculiarly for economics.